| 摘要: |
| 中国作为空气污染最严重的国家之一,为了实现可持续发展,政府采取了很多措施努力解决空气污染问题。比较空气污染物排放的技术进步因素和政府努力因素,有助于理解空气污染治理的实质,选择更有效率的环境治理措施。利用LMDI模型,可将污染物排放的治理效应分为“技术进步效应”和“政府努力效应”两组,来对比分析中国2008—2016年PM2.5、SO2、NOx和VOC这4种污染物排放的环境治理效应的变化。结果表明:近十年来,两类技术进步效应均一直抑制空气污染物的排放,而政府努力效应则表现出不同差异:投入效应边际递减,环保强度效应开始发力,而区域重视效应随后跟进。在4种污染物中,SO2和PM2.5由于治理时间久和治理力度较大,基本实现了抑制排放,而NOx只有北京、上海、广东、浙江这四个经济高度发达的地区实现了抑制排放,VOC由于政策重视较晚且政策实施级别低,未能抑制排放。因此建议对空气污染治理尤其是针对VOC治理,要提高空气污染控制政策级别,加大政策实施力度;在加大投入和实现各省之间环保投入均衡的同时,鼓励各地区部门产业向高附加值低污染的方向发展;继续加强技术进步对污染物排放的抑制;重视大气污染控制边际效益递减的情况,在重点控制工业源治理的同时,可以加强交通源和建筑源的大气污染治理。 |
| 关键词: 空气污染 政府努力 技术进步 LMDI |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2020.03.0002 |
| 分类号:X32 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(71431008);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71673297);国家社科基金重大项目(15ZDA011,13＆ZD159) |
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| Treatment of Air Pollutant Emissions in China:Technical Progressive Effect and Government Effort Effect |
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WANG Wenhuan1,2,WANG Siyun2, YANG Xiaoguang2,3
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(1.Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China;2.China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;3.Academy of Mathematics and System Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China)
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| Abstract: |
| As one of the countries with the most serious air quality, China is also working hard to solve the problem of air pollution control in order to achieve sustainable development.Comparing technical progressive factors and government effort factors will help understand the essence of air pollution control and choose more effective environmental management measures.This paper used the LMDI model to classify the treatment effects of pollutant emissions into two groups:"Technical Progressive Effect" and "Government Effort Effect". Then this paper analyzed the changes of treatment effects on China 's PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and VOC emissions from 2008 to 2016.The results show that in the past decade, both types of technological progressive effects have been inhibiting air pollutant emissions, while the three types of government effort have shown different effect. Input effect had a marginal decrease, the environmental intensity effect began to exert force, and the regional emphasis effect followed. Among the four pollutants, SO2 and PM2.5 have basically achieved the emission reduction due to long treatment period and large treatment effort, while NOx has only achieved emission reduction in four developed regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Zhejiang. VOC failed to achieve emission reduction due to its late policy attention and low level of policy implementation. This paper suggests that for air pollution control, especially VOC governance, it is necessary to improve the level of air pollution control policies and increase policy implementation. While the government should increase the environmental investment and achieve balanced environmental protection investment, regional industries should be encouraged to transfer to high value-added and low pollution industries. Further efforts should be made to strengthen the suppression of pollutant emissions by technological progress. The diminishing marginal benefit of air pollution control should be given more importance. While focusing on industrial source control, it is necessary to strengthen the air pollution control of traffic sources and building sources. |
| Key words: air pollution government efforts technological progress LMDI |
