| 摘要: |
| 随着全球能源市场需求的增长,各国无不积极研究开发新能源。可燃冰是世界上能量密度高、储量丰富的新能源之一,其开发具有重大战略意义。但可燃冰的开发存在着技术不成熟、规范不完善等诸多困难,还具有加剧温室效应、破坏生物多样性、引发地质灾害、跨界环境损害等环境风险。此外,权属争议和成本高昂的商业化风险,仍有待国际及国内的法律法规予以规范。对可燃冰开发的法律问题研究宜从项目准备、风险预防和事故治理三阶段入手,针对其可能引发的风险问题,在国际法层面上,以《联合国海洋法公约》等条约和国际习惯法对其开发进行规范;在国内法层面上,结合各国经验,分析中国的可燃冰开发存在的问题,即专业性法律规范和环境损害的补偿机制的缺失、环境影响评价制度的缺陷。总之,可燃冰的开发利用应以环境保护与能源开发的利益平衡为核心,具体措施包括完善可燃冰开发的立法、改进环境影响评估制度、建立环境责任保险制度等等。 |
| 关键词: 可燃冰 风险预防 跨界环境损害 环境影响评估 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2020.04.0004 |
| 分类号:DF46 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目(19VHQ009) |
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| The Legal Issues Related to the Exploration of Methane Hydrates |
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ZHANG Yanqiang, LIU Xinyi
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(1.Law School, Dalian Maritime University,Dalian, Liaoning 116026, China;2.Law School, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China)
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| Abstract: |
| With the growth of global energy demand, all countries are actively studying the exploration of new energy. Methane hydrates is one of the world 's new energy sources with high energy density and abundant reserves, which has great strategic significance. There are, however, many difficulties in the exploration of methane hydrates, such as immature technology and incomplete governance rules. There are environmental risks such as aggravating greenhouse effect, destroying biodiversity, triggering geological disasters, transboundary environmental damage, and disputes over ownership and high-cost commercial risks, which need to be regulated by international and domestic laws.The research on the legal issues of the exploration of methane hydrates should start from three stages, i.e., project preparation, risk prevention and accident management. In response to the possible risks,it 's necessary to apply The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other treaties as well as customary international law. It is significant to learn from foreign experience and analyze the problems of China 's methane hydrates development, including the lack of professional legal regulations and compensation mechanisms for environmental damage, and the shortcomings of environmental impact assessment systems. All in all, the exploration of methane hydrates should focus on the balance of interests between environmental protection and energy development. The specific measures include improving legislation in relation to the exploration of methane hydrates, improving the environmental impact assessment system and establishing the environmental liability insurance system. |
| Key words: methane hydrates risk prevention transboundary environmental damage environmental impact assessment |
