| 摘要: |
| 《史记》“述于陶唐,至于麟止”是司马谈所订定的断限。司马谈将《史记》起于陶唐,一是司马氏的先祖在陶唐时期显扬于世的缘故,二是基于“考信于六艺”的原则;司马谈将《史记》讫于麟止,是因为《史记》自比《春秋》,是接续《春秋》而作,孔子辍笔于麟止,因而仿效讫于麟止。从“自传”和“记载历史”的视角来看,司马迁将上限移至黄帝的原因,一是黄帝是司马氏的始祖,二是各民族都是黄帝的后代子孙。这是从个人家族的血缘关系扩大到民族之间的血缘关系。《史记》的下限经过司马迁三次更动:第一次下修至太初,第二次下修至天汉,第三次下修至武帝末年。其原因皆是涉及重大历史事件必须加以记载,而且这些事与司马迁个人有密不可分的关系。 |
| 关键词: 司马迁 《史记》 断限 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2020.01.0014 |
| 分类号:K204.2;K234.1 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Reasons for Sima Qian 's Adjustment of the Periodic Demarcation of Records of the Historian |
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LIU Xuelun
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(School of International Education, Nanning Normal University,Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China)
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| Abstract: |
| Sima Tan set the period of Records of the Historian as "starting from the king of Yao and ending in 122 B.C. when Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty hunted a unicorn ". He set the period of the King of Yao as the starting point for two reasons:first, the ancestors of Sima family were very famous during that period; second, he followed the principle of "examining by Six Arts". Sima Tan set the year of 122 B.C. as the ending year because he followed the example of Confucius who stopped writing Annals of the Spring and Autumn when a unicorn was hunted in 481B.C. From the perspectives of autobiography and records of history, Sima Qian changed the starting time to Yellow Emperor for two reasons:first, Yellow Emperor was regarded as their earliest ancestor; second, all peoples were the descendants of Yellow Emperor. Thus, the kinship of a family was extended to that of nations. Sima Qian changed the ending time three times:the first is 104 B.C.—101B.C. ; the second is 100B.C.—97B.C.; the third is 87 B.C.. These changes are all related to the big historical events which have to be recorded and which are closely related to Sima Qian himself. |
| Key words: Sima Qian Records of the Historian periodic demarcation |
