| 摘要: |
| 近年来,针对各种灾害可能导致的人权或人道主义灾难情形,联合国国际法委员会开始研究和编纂“发生灾害时的人员保护”的原则和规范。该领域的核心原则、要素主要是,主权国家是“发生灾害时的人员保护”的首要责任主体,受灾国在本国应对能力不足时负有寻求援助的责任,以及不任意拒绝外部援助的义务。在遵循主权、不干涉内政原则的基础上,国际社会的多元行为主体获得了参与治理的权利(责任)。当一国无能力或不愿意保护和援助其境内受灾害影响的人员时,国际社会可以依据《联合国宪章》等国际法所允许的程序和方式提供外部援助与保护。为更加有效地保护各种灾害威胁下的人民,需要在国内和国际层面建立和实施预防战略和机制。这些核心原则、要素为该领域的全球治理提供了原则指导和路径方法,并塑造了具体规范、机制等。 |
| 关键词: 灾害 核心原则 人员保护 主权 援助 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:DF92 |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金一般项目(10BFX098) |
|
| On International Law Core Principles and Elements of "Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters" |
|
ZHAO Zhou
|
|
(School of Economics, Management and Law, Chaohu University, Chaohu, Anhui 238000, China)
|
| Abstract: |
| In recent years, International Law Commission has been studying, codifying and developing principles and norms in the area of "protection of persons in the event of disasters". Core principles and elements in the area briefly include:sovereignty should be chief responsibility subject in the area of "protection of persons in the event of disasters". The affected state has the duty to seek assistance, and the duty not to arbitrarily withhold its consent to external assistance, if the disaster exceeds its national response capacity. On the basis of following the principle of sovereignty and non-intervention, various actors among international community have acquired certain right (responsibility) to participate "protection of persons in the event of disasters". When states are unable or unwilling to undertake and fulfill protection responsibility, international community may take necessary protection action based on procedure and methods allowed by international law such as United Nations Charter and so on. Precaution strategy and mechanism should be established and implemented to more effectively protect people threatened by disaster. These core principles and elements may provide principle guide and methods, and shape concrete norms, mechanism for global governance in the area. |
| Key words: disasters core principles protection of persons sovereignty assistance |
