| 摘要: |
| 异托邦是福柯基于对边缘空间和边缘人群的关注而建构的空间哲学,是社会机制内真实存在的局部化场所,以独特的视角窥探整体空间内部的权力关系和文化理念。美籍非裔作家科尔森·怀特黑德在最新作品《地下铁道》中,通过女主人公黑奴科拉的逃亡历程交错建构了三类功能迥异的异托邦:偏离异托邦中所谓的主流标准揭露了美国根深蒂固的种族主义与森严的权力等级制度,兼具补偿性与易碎性的幻觉异托邦深刻剖析了人性的复杂与隐秘,保护弱势群体的危机异托邦则展现出超越种族的人道主义情怀。怀特黑德在小说中对上述三类异托邦的精妙建构客观反映了美国黑人荆棘丛生的艰难处境,表现出黑人为生存所付出的令人动容的努力,让人们再次直视与反思那段被刻意淡化的黑暗历史,显示出一位作家强烈的历史责任感和深度的人文关怀。 |
| 关键词: 福柯 偏离异托邦 幻觉异托邦 危机异托邦 边缘空间 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2019.04.0012 |
| 分类号:I106.4 |
| 基金项目: |
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| The Construction of Heterotopias in The Underground Railroad |
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ZUO Jinmei, ZHOU Xinlei
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(College of Foreign Languages, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China)
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| Abstract: |
| The theory of Foucault 's heterotopias is the space philosophy based on marginalized space and marginalized people. Heterotopias, real existing localized spaces in social mechanism, can observe power relations and cultural concepts of the overall situation by the unique perspective. African American writer Colson Whitehead constructs three types of heterotopias through the protagonist Cora 's journey of escape in his latest work The Underground Railroad. The so-called norms in heterotopias of deviation reveals deep-rooted racism and rigid hierarchy of power; compensatory and fragile heterotopias of illusion analyze the secrets and complexities of human nature; heterotopias of crisis have the protective effect, expressing humanistic sympathy beyond all races. By exquisite construction of heterotopias, the writer objectively portrays difficult situations of African Americans and their impressive efforts to fight for survival. The Underground Railroad makes people look back and reflect on that deliberately faded dark history, which shows Whitehead 's strong sense of historical responsibility and profound humanistic care. |
| Key words: Foucault heterotopias of deviation heterotopias of illusion heterotopias of crisis marginalized space |
