| 摘要: |
| “学”概念与儒家所要践行的君子人格修养论密切相关。虽然《论语》中并未对“学”字进行明确的定义与阐发,但全书以“学而时习之”开篇,则从侧面反映出“学”作为君子修养之事在孔子思想、儒家学说中的重要地位。结合历代注解,可从“效”“觉”“悟”三种层次把握“学”概念内涵之层层递进的逻辑关系。首先,“效”是君子为学的基础境界,“博约”“省思”乃是“效”的基本功夫；其次,“谨言”“慎行”是个人在为“学”历程中是否达到“觉”的境界的直接反映,亦是君子内在心性修炼的外在表现；最后,“好之”“乐之”作为君子为学历程的极致境界,是“悟”的精神层次在孔门为学之道中的最高追求。总之,“学”概念贯穿于孔子乃至整个儒家修养、教育思想之始终,准确而全面地把握其内涵,将有助于我们真正理解孔子毕生所追求的理想君子人格,该研究或可对新时代理想人格之培育提供深厚的优秀传统文化资源。 |
| 关键词: 《论语》 孔子 效 觉 悟 君子人格 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2021.03.0011 |
| 分类号:I206.2 |
| 基金项目:中国石油大学(华东)“哲学社会科学青年学者托举计划”基金资助(20CX05006B)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(19CX04017B) |
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| Triple Realms of Learning in "The Analects of Confucius": Speaking from the Creative Interpretation of the Word "Learn" |
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SHI Chao, JU Qiaoxin
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(School of Marxism, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China)
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| Abstract: |
| The concept of "learn" is closely related to the personality development theory of gentleman to be practiced by Confucianism. Although there is no clear definition and elaboration of the word "learn" in The Analects, the whole book takes "Constant reviewing or practicing of what one has already learned" as the first chapter, which indicates the importance of "learn" as the cultivation of a gentleman in Confucian thought and Confucianism. Combining the interpretations of the meaning of "learn" in different dynasties, we can grasp the progressive logical relationship of the conceptual connotation of "learn" from the three levels of "imitation" "perception" and "enlightenment". Firstly, "imitation" is the basic realm of a gentleman 's learning. "Acquiring extensive knowledge and summarizing core topics" and "Introspection and reflection" are the basic training of "imitation". Secondly, in the personal learning process, "speaking carefully" and "doing things cautiously" are the direct manifestation of reaching the level of "perception", and also an external manifestation of a gentleman 's inner virtue cultivation. Finally, as the ultimate realm of a gentleman 's learning, "love of wisdom" and "regarding learning as happiness" are the highest pursuit of the "enlightenment" spiritual realm in Confucianism. In short, the concept of "learn" runs through Confucianism, and even throughout the Confucian cultivation and education ideas. Accurate and comprehensive understanding of the connotation of "learn" will help us to truly understand the ideal gentleman personality pursued by Confucius in his life. The research may provide rich and excellent traditional cultural resources for the cultivation of ideal personality in the new era. |
| Key words: The Analects imitation perception enlightenment gentleman personality |
