| 摘要: |
| 如何从司法预防层面化解环境污染风险,是新时代对环境法治提出的新命题。环境公益诉讼作为司法层面有效应对环境污染风险、维护环境公益的重要司法规制手段,在民事领域已有预防性的制度设计与实践探索,但在行政领域的立法与实践方面均处于“缺位状态”。预防性环境行政公益诉讼的确立具有现实、法理与司法层面的必要性,但目前面临着专门性法律缺失、地方性立法散乱和司法实践乱象丛生等困境。基于行政机关、检察机关与司法机关在预防性环境行政公益诉讼中的功能定位,完善预防性环境行政公益诉讼具体规则的路径在于,明确环境污染“重大风险”的概念、区分被诉行政行为类型、健全举证责任规则、完善配套制度保障、完善与预防性环境民事公益诉讼的衔接规范等。 |
| 关键词: 环境污染 风险预防 预防性环境行政公益诉讼 具体规则 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2023.02.0010 |
| 分类号:D925.3；D922.68 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目(17BFX125) |
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| The Improvement Approach to Preventive Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation |
|
YANG Rukai
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(Research Institute of Environmental Law, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei,China)
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| Abstract: |
| How to resolve environmental pollution risks from the perspective of judicial prevention is a new proposition proposed by modern society for the rule of law in the environment. As a critical and effective judicial and regulatory tool for responding to environmental pollution risks and maintaining environmental public welfare at the judicial level, environmental public interest litigation has had preventive institutional design and practical exploration in the civil field, However, it is in a "vacant state" in the legislative and practical fields of the administrative field.The establishment of preventive environmental administrative public interest litigation is necessary at the practical, legal, and judicial levels.However, it currently faces difficulties such as the lack of specialized laws, scattered local legislation, and chaotic judicial practices.According to the functional positioning of administrative, procuratorial, and judicial organs in preventive environmental administrative public interest litigation, the path to improving the specific rules of preventive environmental administrative public interest litigation lies in clarifying what constitutes a "significant risk" of environmental pollution, distinguishing the types of sued administrative actions, improving the burden of proof rules, improving supporting institutional guarantees, and improving the connection standards with preventive environmental civil public interest litigation. |
| Key words: environmental pollution risk prevention preventive environmental administrative public interest litigation specific rules 英文编校:杨 欣 |
