| 摘要: |
| 就日本福岛核污水排海的问题,当前学界试图通过解释现行国际公约规则的内容来认定日本的责任,存在一定的局限性。日本核污水排海贻害无穷,违反了风险预防原则,通过适用相关国际公约中规定的风险预防原则,能够认定日本违反国际义务、应当承担国际责任。但是,核污水排海风险的法律规制重点不仅在于事后的责任追究,更重要的是事前的预防和阻却。然而,当前国际公约中规定的风险预防原则的具体要求不够严格、全面,在预防和阻却上的效果不佳。国际社会应当以风险预防原则为基础,从风险评估、风险沟通、风险管理和风险救济4个方面构建更为严格的风险预防制度体系。中国应当秉承“海洋命运共同体”理念,从协商沟通、加强监督、科技进步等多个方面助力国际社会风险预防制度体系的建构与落实,以应对日本长期的核污水排海计划以及未来更多的核污水处置问题。 |
| 关键词: 风险预防原则 核污水 责任认定 制度构建 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2024.03.0003 |
| 分类号:D996.9；D993.5 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Legal Regulation and Rule Construction of Japan 's Nuclear Sewage Discharge into the Sea under the Principle of Risk prevention |
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WU Zhen, ZHOU Shiya
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(Law school, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China)
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| Abstract: |
| Regarding the issue of the discharge of Fukushima nuclear sewage into the sea, the current academic circle tries to identify Japan 's responsibility by interpreting the content of the existing international convention rules, which has certain limitations. Japan 's discharge of nuclear sewage into the sea has huge risks, violating the principle of risk prevention. By applying the principle of risk prevention stipulated in relevant international conventions, it can be found that Japan has violated international obligations and should bear international responsibilities. However, the key point of the legal regulation of the risk of nuclear sewage discharge into the sea is not only about the responsibility investigation after the event, but also about the prevention and obstruction. However, the specific requirements of the risk prevention principle stipulated in current international conventions are not definite and comprehensive enough, and the effect of prevention and obstruction is not good. Based on the principle of risk prevention, the international community should build a more stringent risk prevention system from four aspects:risk assessment, risk communication, risk management and risk relief. China should uphold the concept of "ocean community with a shared future", and contribute to construct and implement a risk prevention system in the international community from multiple aspects such as consultation, communication, strengthening supervision, and scientific and technological progress, so as to cope with Japan 's long-term nuclear sewage discharge plan and more nuclear sewage disposal problems in the future. |
| Key words: precautionary principle of risk nuclear contaminated water identification of responsibility system construction |
