| 摘要: |
| 赔偿范围界定模糊与损害认定标准不统一、风险预防性功能薄弱、行政磋商与司法程序衔接不畅、监督与权利保障机制不健全,构成当前生态环境损害赔偿制度运行中的核心困境。其根源在于传统侵权损害填补理念与生态环境系统修复需求之间存在法理张力,预防性责任因缺乏有效的启动机制与成本分担规则而虚化,行政磋商与司法程序之间证据转化与审查标准不清晰。《生态环境法典》的颁布,为制度优化提供了历史性契机。推进制度优化需从三方面着手:一是以法典为基础,通过立法与司法协同,统一赔偿范围与认定标准,构建以生态修复为导向的责任体系；二是强化预防性责任机制的法理基础与实施路径,明确风险预防原则在制度中的定位与适用；三是健全行政磋商与诉讼程序的衔接机制,构建多主体协同监督体系与权利保障机制。通过系统化、法治化的制度重构,并与《生态环境法典》及其他环境治理制度有效衔接,有助于充分发挥生态环境损害赔偿制度在生态修复、风险预防与公共利益维护方面的功能,为构建人与自然和谐共生的现代化治理体系提供坚实支撑。 |
| 关键词: 生态环境损害赔偿 预防性责任 行政磋商 环境治理 《生态环境法典》 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2026.02.0006 |
| 分类号:D923;D922.68 |
| 基金项目:华中科技大学人权法律研究院研究专项课题(2023WKRQXJ005)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2023WKYXQN055) |
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| An Analysis of the Institutional Dilemmas, Jurisprudential Conflicts, and Pathways for the Ecological and Environmental Damage Compensation System |
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QIAN Ning1,2,LI Rui3
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(1.School of Law, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China;2.Institute of Human Rights Law, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China;3.People's Procuratorate of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723099, Shaanxi, China)
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| Abstract: |
| The current ecological environmental damage compensation system faces core operational dilemmas, including vague definition of the compensation scope, inconsistent damage assessment standards, weak risk preventive functions, poor procedural linkage between administrative consultation and judicial proceedings, and inadequate supervision and rights protection mechanisms. The root causes lie in the jurisprudential tension between the traditional concept of tort-based damage remediation and the need for systemic ecological restoration, the weakening of preventive liability due to the lack of effective initiation mechanisms and cost-sharing rules, the unclear standards for evidence transformation and judicial review between administrative consultation and legal proceedings. The promulgation of the Ecological and Environmental Code of the People's Republic of China provides a historic opportunity for institutional optimization. Improving the system requires progress in the following three key aspects. Firstly, unify the scope and standards of compensation through legislative and judicial coordination to establish an ecological restoration-oriented liability framework based on the Code; secondly, strengthen the jurisprudential foundation and implementation pathways of preventive liability mechanisms, clarifying the role and application of the risk prevention principle within the system; and thirdly, improve the linkage mechanism between administrative consultation and litigation procedures by constructing a multi-actor collaborative supervision system and rights protection mechanism. Only through systematic and law-based institutional reconstruction, integrated organically with the Ecological Environment Code and other environmental governance systems, can the ecological environment damage compensation system fully function in ecological restoration, risk prevention, and public interest protection, thereby providing solid support for building a modern governance system of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. |
| Key words: ecological environmental damage compensation preventive liability administrative consultation environmental governance the Ecological and Environmental Code |
