| 摘要: |
| 海上能源开发兼具国家能源安全与海洋生态保护的双重面向,是生态环境法典化进程中亟待回应的重大理论与实践命题。《生态环境法典》对海上能源开发的生态环境法益保护需要满足法典实施的精细化需求,海上油气勘探开发与海上风电建设在法益侵害样态、风险类型、损害后果等方面的差异,需要法典原则在专门领域的展开。以“双法源”与双法律体系为分析框架,构建“利益清单识别—价值排序识别—类型化识别”的三阶审查法,进而识别海上能源开发中的生态环境法益。在方法论层面运用法益分析,在规范层面则以《生态环境法典》第1条“生态环境权益”为实定法依据。法益识别的难点在于利益主体多元、侵害样态跨界累积而滞后、海上油气与海上风电侵害机制相异、法典表达高度概括。经三阶审查可识别出海上能源开发涉及海洋生态系统完整性、海洋生物多样性、海洋生态服务功能与公众环境权益四类法益。据此可形成“基础规范统领+特别规则适用+下位法配套”的三层结构,将识别成果转化为差异化的规则方案,实现海上能源开发法益保护的精细化运行。 |
| 关键词: 《生态环境法典》 海上能源开发 生态环境法益 法益识别 “双法源” |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2026.04.0007 |
| 分类号:D922.68；D922.67 |
| 基金项目:山东省教育科学“十四五”规划课题(2023YB119) |
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| Identification and Normative Elaboration of Ecological and Environmental Legal Interests in Offshore Energy Development from the Perspective of the Ecological and Environmental Code |
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LI Meng, WANG Longhui
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(School of Humanities and Law, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China)
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| Abstract: |
| Offshore energy development embodies the dual dimensions of national energy security and marine ecological protection, and constitutes a major theoretical and practical proposition that requires an urgent response in the process of eco-environmental codification. The protection of the eco-environmental legal interests in offshore energy development under the Ecological and Environmental Code must satisfy the demand for fine-tuned implementation of the Code, and the general principles of Code require further elaboration in specialized fields, given the differences between offshore oil-and-gas exploration and development and offshore wind-power construction in terms of patterns of legal interest infringement, the risk types, and the consequences of damages. Based on the analytical framework of "dual sources of law" and the dual legal systems, this study develops a three-stage review method of "interest-inventory identification, value-ranking identification and typological identification" in order to identify the eco-environmental legal interests involved in offshore energy development. At the methodological level, it employs legal-interest analysis; while at the normative level, it takes the concept of "eco-environmental rights and interests" newly added in Article 1 of the Code as its positive-law basis. The difficulty of legal-interest identification lies in the plurality of interest-holders, the cross-boundary, cumulative, and lagged nature of the infringement modalities, the divergent infringement mechanisms of offshore oil and gas against offshore wind power, and the highly generalized wording of the Code. Through the three-stage review, four categories of legal interests implicated in offshore energy development can be identified:marine ecosystem integrity, marine biodiversity, marine ecosystem service functions, and public environmental rights and interests. Accordingly, a three-tier regulatory structure can be established, consisting of "the guidance of fundamental norms + the application of special rules + the supplementation of subordinate legislation", thereby translating the identification results into differentiated regulatory schemes so as to achieve the fine-tuned operation of legal-interest protection in offshore energy development. |
| Key words: Ecological and Environmental Code offshore energy development ecological and environmental legal interests legal interest identification dual sources of law 英文编校:韩淑芹 |
