| 摘要: |
| 《清洁工业新政》是欧盟绿色转型进入深水区的产物,与《绿色新政》时期相比,欧盟的经济政治环境、能源安全形势以及绿色产业表现均不容乐观,因而新政更加强调地缘竞争,侧重商业转型,尤其注重提高自身韧性。《清洁工业新政》主要内容包括确保能源可负担、促进清洁供需、筹集公私资金并松绑国家补贴、深挖循环经济潜力、在国际伙伴面前加强自身利益保护、优化公正转型六大方面。其实施前景分为对内和对外两个层面。对内能够发挥积极作用但仍有未解问题:预计有望改善能源可负担现状；清洁供应能力存疑,但需求侧激励效果可期；融资来源存在不确定性且国家补贴走向有待观察；循环经济堵点有待日后解决；“清洁贸易与投资伙伴关系”政策执行力不足；公正转型政策体系得以完善,但面临实际问题。对外则加剧地缘经济竞争:与资源供应国加强合作,与战略竞争国家“有条件接触”,与美国保持低限度合作。该新政也面临内外两方面挑战:在内部,一体化程度不足且成员国差异难以弥合,清洁技术规模化与商业化缺乏系统性支持,能源密集型行业固有挑战难除；在外部,容易招致“监管帝国主义”与“绿色保护主义”争议,亦面临与美国的复杂博弈。 |
| 关键词: 欧盟 《清洁工业新政》 绿色转型 循环经济 产业竞争力 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2026.04.0010 |
| 分类号:F45;X322 |
| 基金项目: |
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| The EU 's Clean Industrial Deal:Features, Prospects, and Challenges |
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CHEN Xiaojing
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(Department for European Studies, China Institute of International Studies, Beijing 100005, China)
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| Abstract: |
| The European Uninion 's Clean Industrial Deal represents a new phase in its green transition as it enters its "deep water zone". Compared with the period of the European Green Deal, the EU now faces a less favorable economic and political environment, heightened energy security concerns, and weaker performance in green industries. Therefore, the new policy emphasizes geopolitical competition, prioritizes industrial transformation, and seeks to strengthen its resilience. The Clean Industrial Deal comprises six major aspects:ensuring energy affordability, promoting clean industry supply and demand, raising public and private investment while relaxing state aid rules, unlocking the potential of the circular economy, strengthening the protection of its interests in partnerships with their countries, and optimizing a just transition. The implementation prospects can be assessed from both internal and external perspectives. Internally, it can play a positive role but significant challenges remain. It is expected to improve energy affordability;however, uncertainties persist regarding the supply of clean energy, particularly green hydrogen supply, while demand-side measures will be boosted. Financing sources are uncertain, and the future direction of state aid policies warrants close attention. Bottlenecks of the circular economy have yet to be resolved in the future, the effectiveness of the Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships remains uncertain and practical implementation challenges persist despite the reinforced policy framework for a just transition. Externally, the Deal is expected to intensify geo-economic competition by deepening cooperation with resource supplying countries, applying "conditional engagement" with strategic competitors and maintaining limited cooperation with the United States. At the same time, the policy is confronted with both internal and external challenges. Internally, insufficient integration and persistent disparities among EU member states, inadequate systemic support for the scaling-up and commercialization of clean technologies, and the structural constraints confronting energy-intensive industries may hinder implementation;whereas externally, the policy risks inviting criticism for "regulatory imperialism" and "green protectionism" while also facing complicated strategic games with the United States. |
| Key words: European Union Clean Industrial Deal green transition circular economy energy autonomy 英文编校:韩淑芹 |
