| 摘要: |
| 作为“贫油国”的近代中国,其城市经济极其依赖西方的石油供应。当新民主主义革命的胜利已成定局之时,如何处理对华石油出口的问题被美国政府提上了议事日程。在美国看来,石油作为典型的军民两用型物资,既可以增强解放军对西方的威胁,又可以被美国当做筹码以操纵新中国的外交方向。最初,美国政府将分化中苏关系作为对华政策的主要方向,因此允许在一定限制条件内继续对华出口石油,此后伴随着中美关系的进一步恶化和朝鲜战争的爆发,限制共产主义在远东的“扩张”成为美国远东政策的主要关注点,美国逐步加强了对华石油出口的限制,并最终对华全面禁运石油。通过这一时期美国对华石油出口管理的操作可发现,本国企业和盟国政府的配合是美国能否成功实施对华石油出口管制的前提条件,这也为当前中国如何反制美国对华技术出口和贸易歧视提供了借鉴材料。 |
| 关键词: 美国 石油 德士古 朝鲜战争 |
| DOI：10.13216/j.cnki.upcjess.2015.03.0001 |
| 分类号:K712.54;F417.22 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Analysis of American Policy of Petroleum Export for China During 1949-1950 |
|
Ma Ding
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(Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 102488, China)
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| Abstract: |
| Lacking of oil resources, the urban economy of modern China extremely depends on the oil supplying from western sources. When the victory of Chinese revolution had been achieved, American authority began to discuss the subject of controlling petroleum export to China. In American opinion, being a typical dual-use production, petroleum would not only strength the threatening to the western world from PLA, but also can be used as a level to manipulating Chinese diplomatic direction. Initially, theAmerican authorities put the divergence between China and Russia as the main purpose of her Chinese policy and, accordingly, allowed continuation of petroleumexport to China under some conditions. Following the further deterioration of Sino-U.S. relations and the breaking out of Korean War, containing the "Communist expanding" in Far Eastern became the priority subject of American policy for Far Eastern. American authority upgraded her controlling of petroleum export to China, and finally, completely embargoed her petroleum export to China. Through studying American policy of petroleum exporting for China during that time, it can be concluded that the cooperation of American enterprise and Allies authority are the key to the success of American policy of petroleum export for China, which offers lessons for how current China counters against American restrictions on the export of technology to China and the trade discrimination against China. |
| Key words: the United States petroleum Caltex Korean War |
